Fox, R.F. (2001, November). Warning Advertising May Be Hazardous to Your Health: Ads Pose a Threat to Physical, Emotional, Social, and Cultural Well-Being. USA Today, Volume 130, Issue 2678, 62.
The author discusses different types of advertising and promotion and finds ethical problems in the way many are handled, especially with reference to advertising and promoting goods and services to children. He cites the use of focus groups for toy companies and the ethical implications of improving advertising to kids.
Cohn, E. (2000, January 31). Marketwatch: Consuming Kids. The American Prospect, Volume 11, Issue 6, 13.
The author questions the promotion of certain products to children and finds marketers hiring psychologists to shape the message so as to reach children. Other psychologists have denounced such actions and have called for an emendation of the ethics code to govern this sort of promotion in the future.
Ethics in Pricing
Cranberg, G. (1997, March-April). Trimming the Fringe: How Newspapers Shun Low-Income Readers. Columbia Journalism Review, Volume 35, Issue 6, 52.
The author considers ethics and pricing in terms of the newspaper industry and ways in which some newspapers have been ignoring poorer readers and are marketing for upper-scale readers, using such approaches as increasing pricing. This is called cutting fringe circulation, and it raises ethical questions about how news organizations are treating the public.
Buell, J. (1999, September). Prescription Blackmail.
The Humanist. Volume 59, Issue 5, 42.
The ethics of pricing for pharmaceutical products is discussed by the author. Who note show pricing strategies deny millions of people the medications they need. He also finds that the industry is a form of legalized monopoly...
(2000, September). A Changing of the Guard?. Curriculum Administrator, Volume 36, Issue 8, 56.
The author considers the issue of pricing in education and finds that large segments of the public use the Internet today and so believe they are in an environment where everything is free. This creates a mixed message for the students and so raises a new ethical concern for the current world. Ethical issues can be raised when pricing is too low as well as when it is too high.
Ethics in Distribution
Hammond, a.L. & Prahalad, C.K. (2004, May-June). Selling to the Poor. Foreign Policy, Issue 142, 30.
The author cites the ethical problems in certain cases of the distribution of products to the poor, such as the distribution of baby formula in the third world, or when cigarette companies cannot sell a product in the U.S. And send it instead to developing countries that do not have the same restrictions.
Mujtaba, B.G. (1999, January 1). Cross Cultural Marketing Ethics: Literature Review and Training Suggestions. Global Competitiveness.
This author also considers the ethics of distribution in terms of the distribution of goods to foreign markets and also uses the Nestle case of the distribution of baby formula as the primary example. He also offers a review of literature on the subject of cross-cultural marketing.
Pinstrup-Andersen, P. (2005, December 1). Ethics and economic policy for the food system. American Journal of Agricultural Economics.
The author notes that economists usually do not address ethical issues but that he will do so in terms of questions about the food system and how…
